| Proales fallaciosa, may feed as a scavenger or is necrophagous, as seen here: the arrowheads point to 9 specimens feeding inside of the lorica of a copepod. (4). |
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| Proales fallaciosa, dorsoventral view. This species characterized by the single asymmetric orientated cerebral eyespot located on the right side (arrowhead) and a dorsal papilla/appendage between the toes (arrow; this appendage is in contrast to Proales decipiens) |
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| Proales fallaciosa, ventral view of a specimen from (3). Focus plane is on the ventral ciliary field and the integument around the mouth (lower lip). |
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| Proales fallaciosa, two aspects of the foot of two specimens from (3). Left image: in contrast to Proales decipiens this species has a small dorsal appendix / papilla (arrowhead) between the toes. This may also lead to confusion with Notommata tripus, especially if the specimen is not fully expanded. Right: focus plane on toes and foot glands. |
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| Proales fallaciosa, lateral view of a specimen from (4). The insert shows the single eyespot which is displaced to the right part of the head. |
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Proales fallaciosa, 4 optical transects in dorsoventral view of the anterior part. All 4 images are photographed from the dorsal side. Upper left: focal plane on the dorsal antenna (arrowhead and the red eyespot. Also in focus are some tiny spots which are on the (undersurface of the ) coverslide. This shows that the dorsal side of the rotifer is orientated to the lens and not the ventral ciliated field and therefore the red eyespot is displaced to the right side and not to the left.
Upper right: the pink arrow indicates the direction of the metachronal movement of the locomotory cilia. Because the rotifer is observed from the dorsal side the metachronal movement of these cilia is clockwise when viewed from the frontal side of the longitudinal axis.
Lower left: the row of motilie cilia (arrows) is separated by a membrane(arrowheads) from the cilia of the buccal field/ buccal tube.
Lower right: optical transect of the ventral side. There are 3 different movements of the cilia: The dotted line marks the the border between the buccal field (BF) and the buccal tube (BT). The metachronal movement of the cilia of the buccal field is symplectic, whereas the metachronal movement of the cilia of the buccal tube are diaplectic and symmetric. The arrowheads mark two (??sensory??) cilia/ cirri which move transversely (sthe same can be observed in the rostral cilia of some Adineta_species). |
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| Proales fallaciosa, virgate trophi; basal apophyses on rami; rami without alulae, which is in contrast to Proales sordida (4) |
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| Proales fallaciosa, specimen from (5). The arrow points to the dorsal papilla between the toes |
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| Proales fallaciosa, dorsoventral view. 2 images of specimen from (1) |
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| Location: Bochum-Querenburg; Kalwesteiche (1) Gevelsberg Grünes Klassenzimmer, pond (2); Nature reserve NSG Schwalm, pond (3); Recker Moor, trench (4); Nature reserve NSG Heiliges Meer; Germany; Großes Heiliges Meer (5) |
| Habitat: between duckweed (Lemna sp.) (1); periphyton (Utricularia) (3); detritus (4); epibiontic on the submerged leafs of Ranunculus fluitans (5). |
| Date: 19.5.2007 (1); 06.11.2015 (3); coll: 13.06.2018, img.:23.06.2018 (4); 30.0.2019 (5) |
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